Doping—Athletes ban drugs

　　Doping is called "Dope" in English. This is just a traditional title, not an accurate description. Most of the drugs used by early athletes to improve sports performance are stimulants. However, a considerable part of the drugs that are prohibited from athletes have no excitatory effects, such as diuretics, and some even have inhibitory effects, such as β-blockers. Therefore, although the term "stimulant" is still used internationally, it is actually the general term for all athletes to ban drugs.

　　Stimulants in food

　　Some athletes usually get "mistake of a certain drug" or "inadvertently eaten" after being found to be taking a stimulant (positive urine test) "Some food" as an excuse. Drugs and foods are indeed one of the sources of stimulants, so there is simply no way to distinguish whether they were swallowed/mistaken or intentionally taken. Therefore, the current attitude of the International Olympic Committee on doping is "zero tolerance", that is, as long as the athlete finds out the doping, whether it is intentionally taken, taking the drug by mistake, or inadvertently eating stimulant food, he will be heavily punished. Because of this, like drugs, the problem of stimulants in food has attracted widespread attention. Relatively speaking, drug-derived stimulants are easier to control-as long as athletes do not take drugs, especially do not take drugs containing stimulants (with a detailed list), but food-derived stimulants are much more complicated and can be described as unpredictable .

　　Sources and control of stimulants in food

　　Sources of stimulants in food are more complicated, mainly in the following situations:

　　 1. Naturally occurring

　　Some foods naturally contain stimulant ingredients, such as coffee, tea, cola drinks, etc. that naturally contain caffeine; some animal reproductive organs, such as bullwhip, dog whip, etc., naturally contain hormones; some traditional Chinese medicine tonic Products, such as hippocampus and gecko, may also contain hormone stimulants or their analogs.

　　 Generally speaking, these stimulants that are naturally found in a few foods are easier to control, as long as these foods are not consumed. But sometimes it will be more troublesome. According to media reports such as "Market News", consumers in Guangzhou and Chengdu in June 2007 reported that they took the "special pollen" produced by Wang''s Bee Garden (in fact, Yumeiren pollen) ), symptoms such as slight vomiting and drowsiness appeared. Subsequently, a consumer purchased 8 bottles of "special pollen" in the same batch (produced on October 19, 2006) in Beijing and sent it to the National Doping and Sports Nutrition Test and Research Center for testing. After more than 10 days, the test report showed that "the sample contains morphine and codeine" (belonging to the stimulant category). The poppy family is a plant of the poppy family and the poppy genus. It is well known that poppy contains morphine and codeine, so it is not surprising that the poppy contains a small amount of morphine and codeine (in fact, the role of the poppy is to calm the nerves ).

　　 2. Pollution

　　 In March this year, the State Food and Drug Administration announced nearly 2,000 Chinese and Western medicines containing stimulants, including more than 1,200 kinds of Chinese medicines and more than 760 kinds of chemicals Medicines and biological products. Some of these drugs or their analogs, such as hormones (protein assimilation preparations, peptide hormones), are widely or commonly used in the animal breeding industry, causing meat, especially animal internal organs, to contain stimulants.

　　 The most typical one is clenbuterol, which is also called "clenbuterol" in the breeding industry, because it has caused dozens of pig offal (or pork) clenbuterol The poisoning incident is well-known nationwide. The most recent large-scale poisoning incident was the Clenbuterol food poisoning of more than 300 people in Shanghai in September 2006. Although in recent years, the relevant national departments have increased the management and investigation of Clenbuterol, the pig industry (in order to make pigs grow faster and lean type) is illegally used, especially the illegal use of "Clenbuterol II" ( The problem of Clenbuterol) still has not been completely resolved. Clenbuterol is mainly concentrated in internal organs (such as liver, lung, belly, and heart), and pork will also be contained when the dosage is large.

　　In June of this year, the famous swimmer Ouyang Kunpeng of the national training team left the national team due to a positive urine test result and was severely punished with his head coach for a lifetime ban. According to Ouyang Kunpeng''s own explanation, because he didn''t care about his diet while on vacation, the grilled meat that he accidentally consumed contained Clenbuterol (Clenbuterol).

In addition to the pig industry, the poultry (such as chicken) farming industry and aquaculture farming industry also use many illegal drugs such as hormones and auxin. These drugs will remain in the animal offal and meat , Especially the internal organs are the most worrying. Most athletes now have unwritten rules-do not eat animal offal. Somewhat reassuringly, the antibiotics used in large quantities in the animal breeding industry are generally not in the category of stimulants, otherwise it will be really difficult to find safe food for athletes to eat.

　　The widespread presence of stimulants in food is related to changes in our life/production methods. Previously vegetables were grown slowly in the fields, and now vegetables are grown and grown in greenhouses with various fertilizers It’s a big one; it used to take half a year for a chicken to go to the table. Now it only takes more than one month, and it also uses growth hormone. Domestically, there are hormones to raise chickens, lean meat to raise pigs, birth control pills to feed fish, Antibiotics feeding cattle and other phenomena. These utilitarian practices not only bring us a wealth of food, but also bring us harm to health and harm to fair competition on the sports ground.

　　3. Artificial addition

　　Some diet foods, health foods, and traditional supplements are artificially added to improve the effect. Most of the added drugs are stimulants.

　　Slimming foods including fenfluramine, diuretics, sibutramine, and caffeine are not uncommon, and there have been a lot of reports in recent years. As reported by China Food Industry Network on April 27, 2008, the Nanjing Food and Drug Administration announced nine types of health foods containing stimulants, seven of which contained the weight-loss drug sibutramine and two contained caffeine. Another example is that according to CCTV International News, the Ministry of Health announced the results of random sampling of national weight-loss health foods on February 26. Eight types of weight-loss foods were added to illegal drugs, which were dehydroepiandrosterone (hormones) and dihydrodiuretic ( Diuretics), norephedrine, etc., are all stimulants prohibited by the Olympic Games.

In addition to diet foods or health products, some anti-fatigue health foods and health products that improve sexual performance are also the hardest hit areas by illegally adding drugs (stimulants). Therefore, it is generally not recommended that athletes take these health products. Even for the "sports nutrition supplement" products that athletes can use, we must attach great importance to the issue of stimulants.

　　It is worth noting that some traditional tonics, such as propolis, pollen, almonds, ginseng and their products, are not necessarily safe. It is possible that both stimulant ingredients may exist naturally, or their compatibilities may contain Doping ingredients, it is also possible to artificially add stimulants. Therefore, when I saw an expert who advocated that the traditional Chinese medicine and food homology health care theory should be applied in the Olympic food project, and vigorously promote the health care functional food, I was really worried.

　　 In fact, it is precisely because the stimulants in food come from multiple sources, the types are complex, and it is difficult to identify in appearance. To ensure that no stimulants are present in the food of athletes, you can only rely on detection- Food doping testing. In fact, in Beijing''s "2008 Beijing Olympic Games Food Safety Guarantee System Program", food doping testing is the most important point.

　　According to the Olympic Food Illegal Drug Control Test Project issued by the National Accreditation Commission, the Olympic food stimulant test includes four major categories of items: anabolic steroids, beta receptor agonists, glucocorticoids, corn red Mycolic alcohols, and these four categories contain 20 types of stimulants. Of course, this is far from all the stimulants that may exist in food. Due to technical and cost constraints, it is impossible to detect all stimulants. Detecting 20 categories in 4 categories is unprecedented. At present, plant foods are not included in the scope of stimulant testing, but all meat, whether it is pork, beef, chicken, duck, and fish, needs to be tested for stimulants. In short, this requires a lot of testing. For example, stimulants are generally not present in instant noodles, but the sauce package is made of animal meat or offal, and it must be tested, and the method of testing is more troublesome.

　　Because it is impossible to detect all possible stimulants in every food, it is not enough to rely on the detection of food stimulants. You must also start with the source of the food and avoid the excitement from the beginning of animal breeding Agent, it is necessary to "from the farmland to the table, all the way to safety." To this end, in the past two years, under the leadership of the State Food and Drug Administration and other ministries and commissions, the phenomenon of using illegal drugs in the aquaculture and processing industries has been massively rectified.

　　In spite of this, athletes should be vigilant and pay attention to the problem of doping in food. According to the regulations of the Olympic food safety system, delicious Chinese food made from animal offal will not appear in the Olympic Village recipes, and some health products with Chinese characteristics will be isolated from the Olympic Games. Officials of the Olympic Organizing Committee also made it clear that during the Olympic Games, officials, coaches and athletes must be advised not to dine outside the Olympic Village.