The main function of the kidney is to excrete water and metabolic wastes, such as urea, creatinine, and other nitrogen-containing substances. These metabolic wastes are basically directly or indirectly derived from protein in the diet. Of the three main energy sources in the human body, only three elements, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, are in the molecular structure of fat and carbohydrate. The final metabolites in the body are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O); In addition to hydrogen and oxygen, there is also nitrogen. Nitrogen cannot be completely metabolized into nitrogen dioxide (NO2) or nitric oxide (NO) in the human body, but can only be metabolized into "metabolic waste" such as urea and creatinine. These metabolic wastes Must be excreted through the kidneys.

　　When kidney dysfunction occurs, these nitrogen-containing metabolic wastes cannot be excreted smoothly, causing large accumulation in the body and causing "poisoning" (this is the origin of uremia). Therefore, in order to reduce the production of nitrogen-containing metabolic waste and reduce the burden on the kidneys, you must eat less protein-a low-protein diet, that is, eat 30 to 40 grams of protein per day (normal healthy people eat 65 to 75 grams per day). However, because protein is the most important nutrient required by the human body, in order to meet the needs of the body as much as possible, while reducing protein intake, it is necessary to improve the quality of protein-eating high-quality protein (fish, egg, milk). In addition, the low-protein diet must ensure the supply of energy (that is, to eat enough), otherwise the lack of energy will accelerate the decomposition of its own protein (provide energy), and increase the production of metabolic waste. In other words, a low-protein diet should not come at the expense of eating less (because less food is eaten, the protein intake decreases accordingly). In short, the correct low-protein diet must ensure that the patient eats enough (ensures that the energy is sufficient), and also has to eat fish and egg milk (to ensure that the protein quality is excellent). But the question arises: you need to eat both fish and egg milk, how can you achieve low protein (less protein)?

　　 The only solution is to eat fish, egg and milk (The specific quantity needs to be calculated) At the same time, "take away" the protein in the staple food (poor quality), so as to ensure that the diet has a small amount of protein, high quality, and sufficient energy. How can I "take away" the protein in the staple food? Using lotus root powder (or wheat starch) instead of the staple food is almost the only option-it''s finally around, it''s not easy, hehe-lotus root powder (or wheat starch) contains a lot of starch (Provides energy) But basically contains no protein. Using lotus root powder (or wheat starch) instead of staple food to provide energy, together with an appropriate amount of fish and egg milk to provide high-quality protein, this is almost the only correct dietary strategy for patients with renal insufficiency, we can even say that if no lotus root powder (or Wheat starch) for renal insufficiency patients who replace the staple food, their diet must be wrong.

　　The next problem is: lotus root powder (or wheat starch) has no gluten because it does not contain protein. Because there is no gluten, it is difficult to ferment and make like flour (with gluten) Noodles or dumplings, which have poor processing performance, can usually only be washed with water (congee). It is difficult to swallow daily instead of staple food. How can I make lotus root powder (or wheat starch) like pasta and be delicious?