The pathogenesis of emphysema has not yet been fully elucidated, and it is generally believed that it is formed by the synergy of various factors.

　　 1. Various factors that cause slow-branch, such as infection, smoking, air pollution, occupational dust and long-term inhalation of harmful gases, allergies, etc., can cause obstructive emphysema.

　　 2. The theory of imbalance of elastase and its inhibitors.

　　The main symptom of emphysema patients is shortness of breath. The mild cases only occur during physical labor. As the degree of emphysema worsens, the shortness of breath gradually becomes obvious. Even when resting, breathing difficulties also occur, and chest tightness often occurs. Whenever there is a respiratory tract infection, the symptoms worsen, and a series of symptoms such as hypoxia and acidosis can occur.

　　Epulmonary emphysema is a benign lesion of the lungs, which itself will not develop into lung cancer. However, some elderly patients often have the coexistence of lung cancer and emphysema. The treatment of these patients, especially the evaluation of lung function before surgery, is particularly important!

　　Emphysema is A chronic disease, clinically can only try to find ways to slow down the progress of the disease, the purpose of treatment is to improve respiratory function, improve the patient''s ability to work and live. To this end, you should pay attention to:

　　Relieving the reversible factors in airway obstruction;

　　Control the production of cough and sputum;

　　Eliminate and prevent airway Infection;

　　Control various comorbidities, such as arterial hypoxemia and vasoconstriction;

　　Avoid smoking and other airway irritants, anesthesia and sedatives, unnecessary surgery Or all factors that may aggravate the disease;

　　Relieve the mental anxiety and depression often associated with patients.

　　The specific measures are as follows:

　　Apply diastolic bronchial drugs such as anticholinergics, theophylline, and β2 adrenergic receptor agonists. If there are allergic factors, glucocorticoids can be used;

　　 During the acute attack, effective antibiotics such as penicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cephalosporin, etc. are used according to pathogens or experience;

　　Respiratory muscle functional exercise for abdominal breathing, lip contraction and slow exhalation to enhance the activity of respiratory muscles. Increase the diaphragm''s ability to move;

　　 10~15 hours (1~2L/min) of daily home oxygen therapy can prolong life and improve quality of life;

　　Rehabilitation treatment such as Qigong, Taijiquan, breathing exercises, quantitative walking or ladder climbing exercises;

　　The treatment of syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine has a good effect of enhancing physical fitness and alleviating symptoms.

　　The treatment of emphysema requires comprehensive treatment, and no medicine will be absolutely effective. Normal maintenance is particularly important.